Class 12 Physics: Electric Charges and Fields
Generated by DocuBrief AI - SCERT Kerala Syllabus Summary
1. Electric Charge
Electric charge is an intrinsic property of elementary particles of matter which gives rise to electric force between various objects. It is a scalar quantity.
- Quantization of Charge: Charge on any object is an integral multiple of the basic unit of charge \(e\). \(Q = \pm ne\).
- Conservation of Charge: The total charge of an isolated system remains constant.
2. Coulomb's Law
The electrostatic force of interaction between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
\(F = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}\), where \(k = \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\).
3. Electric Field
The space around a charge where its electrical influence can be felt by another charge is called the electric field. The electric field intensity at a point is the force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed at that point.
Electric Field Lines: An electric field line is an imaginary curve drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at any point gives the direction of the electric field at that point. They originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.